• Kappa 1.0
  • Beta 1
  • Alpha 8.1
  • Alpha 7
  • Alpha 6.1
  • Alpha 5
  • Alpha 4
  • Alpha 3
3D-model kappa 1.0



The Kappa 1.0 deposit is located on a flat territory, on land.
Oil content is established in sediments, including the layers: B2, B3 and B4.
Reservoir rocks of the productive strata are represented by terrigenous deposits.
The deposit was put into commercial development in 1997 year.
At the moment, 51 wells have been drilled at the field, 40 are in operation.
Due to the fact that the existing aquifer is weakly active, the recommended ratio of production-injection wells is 4 to 1.
Accumulated compensation is around 99%, current compensation is 268%.
Reservoir pressure varies greatly in area, there are areas in which the energy connection is broken.
The project of further development of this field is aimed at increasing the current development indicators.

Production history

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Cur RFO 0.237 frac Current Oil Recovery Factor
2 Cur VRR 2.68 frac Current Voidage Replacement Ratio
3 ∑ Qo 4.461 mln m3 Cumulative oil production
4 ∑ Qw 31.058 mln m3 Cumulative water production
5 ∑ Qwi 35.424 mln m3 Cumulative water injection
6 ∑ VRR 1.01 frac Accumulated voidage replacement ratio
7 Yw 96 % Current Watercut

Field summary data

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Ztop -2181 / -2205 / -2237 m FAverage Formation Top
2 ZOWC -2155- -2165 / -2173- -2183/ -2226 m Oil-Water Contact
3 H 52.5 m Average Formation Thickness
4 Heff 27.8 m Average Column Thickness
5 Hpay 27.9 m Oil Column Thickness
6 Ti 70 °C Initial Reservoir Temperature
7 Pi 24300 / 24500 / 24900 kPa Initial Reservoir Pressure
8 dPcf 1200 kPa/m The pressure gradient at which cement destruction occurs behind the casing
9 Φ 0.16 / 0.123 / 0.164 frac Effective Formation Porosity
10 cr 0.877 1/hPa Pore Compressibility
11 kh 163.1/ 36.5 /231.7 mD Average Permeability
12 kv/kh 0.1 frac Vertical-to-Horizontal Perm Ratio
13 krowo 0.079 cP-1 Relative Oil Mobility
14 krwow 0.414 cP-1 Relative Water Mobility
15 swi 0.275/ 0.276/ 0.271 frac Initial Water Saturation
16 sor 0.217 frac Initial Oil Saturation
17 STOIIP 12.955 mln. m3 Stock-Tank Oil Initial In-Place
18 ES @ ultimate 0.8 frac Estimated sweep efficiency
19 EUR 0.583 frac Estimated Ultimate Oil Recovery Factor
3D-model beta 1



The Beta 1 deposit is located on a flat territory, on land.
Oil content is established in sediments, including the layers: B2, B3 and B4.
Reservoir rocks of the productive strata are represented by terrigenous deposits.
The deposit was put into commercial development in 2000 year.
At the moment, 50 wells have been drilled at the field, 30 are in operation.
Due to the fact that the existing aquifer is weakly active, the recommended ratio of production-injection wells is 1 to 1.
Accumulated compensation is around 112%, current compensation is 77%. Reservoir pressure varies greatly in area, there are areas in which the energy connection is broken.
The project of further development of this field is aimed at increasing the current development indicators.

Production history

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Cur RFO 0.370 unit fraction Current Oil Recovery Factor
2 Cur VRR 0.770 unit fraction Current Voidage Replacement Ratio
3 ∑ Qo 2.774 thous m3 Cumulative oil production
4 ∑ Qw 7.369 thous m3 Cumulative water production
5 ∑ Qwi 11.664 thous m3 Cumulative water injection
6 ∑ VRR 1.12 unit fraction Cumulative voidage replacement ratio
7 Yw 94 % Production Water Cut

Field summary data

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Ztop -1797 / -1836 / -1897 m Formation Top Datum – tvdss (top B1, top B2, top B3)
2 ZOWC -1800 / -1830 / -1898 m Oil-Water Contact (Unit B1 / Unit B2 / Unit B3)
3 H 48.9 m The average thickness of the geological bedding (Unit B1 / Unit B2 / Unit B3)
4 Heff 26.1 m The average effective thickness of the reservoir (Unit B1 / Unit B2 / Unit B3)
5 Hpay 26.1 m The average oil pay thickness (Unit B1 / Unit B2 / Unit B3)
6 Ti 35 °C Initial formation temperature
7 Pi 19200 kPa Initial reservoir pressur
8 dPcf 800 kPa/m Cement failure pressure gradient
9 Φ 0.153 unit fraction Average porosity
10 cr 0.689 1/GPa Rock compressibility
11 kh 57.387 mD Average Horizontal Permeability
12 kv/kh 0.150 unit fraction Vertical anisotropy of permeability
13 krowo 0.372 1/cP Maximum relative permeability to oil / oil viscosity
14 krwow 0.225 1/cP Maximum relative permeability to water / water viscosity
15 swi 0.150 unit fraction Initial water saturation
16 sor 0.224 unit fraction Residual oil saturation
17 STOIIP 7.618 mln. m3 Stock tank oil originally in place
18 ES @ ultimate 0.810 frac Estimated Sweep Efficiency
19 EUR 0.472 unit fraction Target oil recovery factor
3D-model alpha 8.1



The Alpha 8.1 deposit is located on a flat territory, on land.
Oil content is established in sediments, including the layers: A2, A3 and A4.
Reservoir rocks of the productive strata are represented by terrigenous deposits.
The deposit was put into commercial development in 2001 year.
At the moment, 51 wells have been drilled at the field.
Due to the fact that the resulting aquifer is weakly active, a pressure maintenance system was introduced in 2005.
Despite the accumulated classification of production with 103% injection, reservoir pressure in some regions is quite low and the trend towards a decrease in reservoir pressure remains.
The project of further development of this field is aimed at increasing the current development indicators.

Production history

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Cur RFO 0.337 frac Current Oil Recovery Factor
2 Cur VRR 0.613 frac Current Voidage Replacement Ratio
3 ∑ Qo 3.244 mln m3 Cumulative oil production
4 ∑ Qw 6.946 mln m3 Cumulative water production
5 ∑ Qwi 10.618 mln m3 Cumulative water injection
6 ∑ VRR 1.03 frac Cumulative voidage replacement ratio
7 Yw 93.4 % Production Water Cut

Field summary data

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Ztop -1598 / -1632 / -1705 m Average Formation Top
2 ZOWC -1609.5 / -1642 / -1723 m Oil-Water Contact
3 H 46.6 m Average Formation Thickness
4 Heff 19.2 m Average Column Thickness
5 Hpay 28.7 m Oil Column Thickness
6 Ti 53/ 54/ 55.5 °C Initial Reservoir Temperature
7 Pi 16200/ 16600/ 17000 kPa Initial Reservoir Pressure
8 dPcf 1200 kPa/m The pressure gradient at which cement destruction occurs behind the casing
9 Φ 0.15 frac Effective Formation Porosity
10 cr 0.731 1/hPa Pore Compressibility
11 kh 24 / 26 / 24 mD Average Permeability
12 kv/kh 0.1 frac Vertical-to-Horizontal Perm Ratio
13 krowo 0.222 cP-1 Relative Oil Mobility
14 krwow 1.284 cP-1 Relative Water Mobility
15 swi 0.242/ 0.279/ 0.336 frac Initial water saturation
16 sor 0.233 frac Initial Oil Saturation
17 STOIIP 9.610 mln. m3 Stock-Tank Oil Initial In-Place
18 ES @ ultimate 0.73 frac Estimated sweep efficiency
19 EUORF 0.55 frac Estimated Ultimate Oil Recovery Factor
3D-model alpha 7



The asset Alpha 7 is located on a plain area, on-shore.
Oil was found in units B1, B2 and B3.
Oil productive reservoir layers mainly consist of organic limestones.
The production was launched in 2011,all planned wells were drilled by 2013. All injectors produced before switching to injection.
Hydraulic fracturing is recommended for this field. 38 wells have been drilled at the field so far, 17 of them with hydraulic fracturing.
In 2020, well No. 16 was abandoned for technical reasons. Due to high water cut well No. 21 was switched to another horizon.
Reservoir pressure in reservoirs B1 and B3 is quite low and keeps declining. B2 is a bottom water-drive reservoir, but still requires pressure maintenance.

Production history

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Cur RFO 0.259 unit fraction Current Oil Recovery Factor
2 Cur VRR 1.46 unit fraction Current Voidage Replacement Ratio
3 ∑ Qo 1.55 mln. m3 Cumulative oil production
4 ∑ Qw 4.56 mln. m3 Cumulative water production
5 ∑ Qwi 5.1 mln. m3 Cumulative water injection
6 ∑ VRR 0.83 unit fraction Cumulative voidage replacement ratio
7 Yw 88 % Production Water Cut

Field summary data

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Ztop -1922 m Formation Top Datum - tvdss (top B1)
2 ZOWC -1835 / -1892 / -2099 m Oil-Water Contact (Unit B1 / Unit B2 / Unit B3)
3 H 44 m The average thickness of the geological bedding
4 Heff 44.20 m The average effective thickness of the reservoir
5 Hpay 10.43 m The average oil pay thickness
6 Ti 34.6 °C Initial Formation Temperature @ OWC Unit B1
7 Pi 20033 kPa Initial Reservoir Pressure @ OWC Unit B1
8 dPcf 1500 kPa/m Cement Failure Pressure Gradient
9 Φ 0.16 unit fraction Average porosity
10 cr 7.6*10-7 1/kPa Rock compressibility
11 kh 109.67 mD Average horizontal permeability
12 kv/kh 0.10 unit fraction Vertical Anisotropy
13 krowo 0.07 1/cP Maximum relative permeability to oil/oil viscosity
14 krwow 0.41 1/cP Maximum relative permeability to oil/oil viscosity
15 swi 0.43 unit fraction Initial water saturation
16 sor 0.34 unit fraction Residual oil saturation
17 STOIIP 5.276 mln. m3 Stock tank oil initial in-place
18 ES @ ultimate 0.765 unit fraction Estimated Sweep Efficiency
19 EUR 0.38 unit fraction Target oil recovery factor
3D-model alpha 6



The Alpha 6.1 field is located in a plain area, on land, discovered in 2010 by the exploration well № E1.
The exploration well № E1 drilled in the upstructure portion of dome confirmed the presence of the structure and established the commercial oil content of the layers B1, B2 and B3.
The reservoir is mainly represented by terrigenous sediments.
At the moment, 4 exploration wells have been drilled at the field, seismic exploration has been performed.

There are other large fields In the immediate vicinity to the Alpha 6.1 field. Communication with the regional center is carried out by motor transport along the highway.
The climate of the region is temperate continental, characterized by significant daily and annual fluctuations in air temperatures. The average annual temperature ranges from 0°С to 1.5°С (maximum — +35°С, minimum — - 43°С). The frost-free period averages 105 days. During the year, 550-600 mm of precipitation falls, and the main part (more than 2/3) falls in the summer and autumn periods. The prevailing wind direction is south-westerly and only in autumn – north-westerly.
During the year there are up to 185 days with precipitation over 0.1 mm and up to 30 days with precipitation over 5 mm; 50% of rains are brought by western and southern cyclones.
A stable snow cover is established in early November and disappears in April. The thickness of the snow cover is on average 50-60 cm (minimum - 30 cm, maximum up to 1 m). The soil freezes to a depth of 1.3-1.6 m. In winter, there are 35-40 days with a snowstorm.
In 2014, the territory of Alpha 6.1 and the fields adjacent to it were covered by seismic surveys. As a result of a comprehensive interpretation of seismic data, the structural plan for reflecting horizons was refined.

Production history

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Cur RFO 0.012 unit fraction Current Oil Recovery Factor
2 Cur VRR 1.6 unit fraction Current Voidage Replacement Ratio
3 ∑ Qo 0.165 mln. m3 Cumulative oil production
4 ∑ Qw 0.156 mln. m3 Cumulative water production
5 ∑ Qwi 0.233 mln. m3 Cumulative water production
6 ∑ VRR 0.69 unit fraction Cumulative voidage replacement ratio
7 Yw 43 % Watercut

Field summary data

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Ztop -1875 m Formation Top Datum - tvdss (top B1)
2 ZOWC -1810 / -1820 / -1824 m Oil-Water Contact (Unit B1 / Unit B2 / Unit B3)
3 H 40 m The average thickness of the geological bedding
4 Heff 17.9 m The average effective thickness of the reservoir
5 Hpay 12 m The average oil pay thickness
6 Ti 45 °C Initial Formation Temperature @ OWC Unit B1
7 Pi 18.000 kPa Initial Reservoir Pressure @ OWC Unit B1
8 dPcf 2.000 kPa/m Cement Failure Pressure Gradient
9 Φ 0.15 unit fraction Average porosity
10 cr 5*10-7 1/kPa Rock compressibility
11 kh 38 mD Average horizontal permeability
12 kv/kh 0.1 unit fraction Vertical anisotropy
13 krowo 0.3 1/cP Maximum relative permeability to oil/oil viscosity
14 krwow 0.3 1/cP Maximum relative permeability to oil/oil viscosity
15 swi 0.3 unit fraction Initial water saturation
16 sor 0.25 unit fraction Residual oil saturation
17 STOIIP 12 mln. m3 Initial oil in place
18 ES @ ultimate 0.85 unit fraction Estimated Sweep Efficiency
19 EUR 0.51 unit fraction Target oil recovery factor
3D-model alpha 5



The asset Alpha 5 is located on the even land.
Oil presence was found in the deposits comprising units: B1, B2 and B3.
Reservoir layers of the productive formation mainly consist of organic limestones.
The asset was brought into commercial production in 1999.
Currently, 40 wells have been drilled at this field.
Given that the existing aquifer is not really active, it was decided to start a pressure maintenance system in 2000. Event thought the cumulative voidage replacement ratio is 120%, the reservoir pressure in some areas is still quite low and continues to decline. The redevelopment program of this asset aims to increase the current development parameters.

Production history

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Cur RFO 0.18 unit fraction Current Oil Recovery Factor
2 Cur VRR 1.5 unit fraction Current Voidage Replacement Ratio
3 ∑ Qo 5.05 mln. m3 Cumulative oil production
4 ∑ Qw 6.1 mln. m3 Cumulative water production
5 ∑ Qwi 14 mln. m3 Cumulative water production
6 ∑ VRR 1.2 unit fraction Cumulative voidage replacement ratio
7 Yw 78 % Watercut

Field summary data

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Ztop -1600 m Mean true vertical depth (bottom part of unit B1)
2 ZOWC -1660 / -1670 / -1680 m Oil-water contact (unit B1 / unit B2 / unit B3)
3 H 91 m Average total reservoir thickness
4 Heff 20 m Average effective reservoir thickness
5 Hpay 18.5 m Average effective oil-saturated thickness
6 Ti 45 C Initial reservoir temperature
7 Pi 16,400 kPa Initial pressure at oil-water contact
8 Φ 0.14 unit fraction Average porosity
9 cr 4*10-7 1/kPa Rock compressibility
10 kh 53 mD Average horizontal permeability
11 kv/kh 0.1 unit fraction Vertical reservoir heterogeneity
12 krowo 0.3 1/cP Maximum relative permeability to oil/oil viscosity
13 krwow 0.3 1/cP Maximum relative permeability to oil/oil viscosity
14 swi 0.3 unit fraction Initial water saturation
15 sor 0.28 unit fraction Residual oil saturation
16 STOIIP 27.2 mln. m3 Initial oil in place
17 ES @ ultimate 0.86 unit fraction Target sweep efficiency
18 EUR 0.5 unit fraction Target oil recovery factor
3D-model alpha 4



The asset Alpha 4 is located on the even land.
Oil presence was found in the deposits comprising units: B1, B2 and B3.
Reservoir layers of the productive formation mainly consist of organic limestones.
The asset was brought into commercial production in 1999.
The first producer that was put into operation was well E5, and it had a high watercut as a result of water breakthrough.
Therefore, to avoid such situation in future, the production levels of the remaining producers were limited. Currently, 39 wells have been drilled at this field.
The pressure at this field is poor, and is only maintained through the water-bearing edgewater, this is why in 1991 it was decided to start pressure maintenance. Event thought the cumulative voidage replacement ratio is 131%, the reservoir pressure in some areas is still quite low and continues to decline.
The redevelopment plan aims to restore 2 million m3 of oil over the next 5 years to achieve the originally planned indicators.

Production history

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Cur RFO 0.21 unit fraction Current Oil Recovery Factor
2 Cur VRR 1.6 unit fraction Current Voidage Replacement Ratio
3 ∑ Qo 6.8 mln. m3 Cumulative oil production
4 ∑ Qw 7.6 mln. m3 Cumulative water production
5 ∑ Qwi 19.8 mln. m3 Cumulative water production
6 ∑ VRR 1.3 unit fraction Cumulative voidage replacement ratio
7 Yw 76 % Watercut

Field summary data

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Ztop -1560 m Mean true vertical depth (bottom part of unit B1)
2 ZOWC -1550 / -1590 / -1610 m Oil-water contact (unit B1 / unit B2 / unit B3)  
3 H 90 m Average total reservoir thickness
4 Heff 38 m Average effective reservoir thickness
5 Hpay 24 m Average effective oil-saturated thickness
6 Ti 45 C Initial reservoir temperature
7 Pi 15.500 kPa Initial pressure at oil-water contact
8 Φ 0.16 unit fraction Average porosity
9 cr 5*10-7 1/kPa Rock compressibility
10 kh 45 mD Average horizontal permeability
11 kv/kh 0.1 unit fraction Vertical reservoir heterogeneity
12 krowo 0.17 1/cP Maximum relative permeability to oil/oil viscosity
13 krwow 0.3 1/cP Maximum relative permeability to oil/oil viscosity
14 swi 0.3 unit fraction Initial water saturation
15 sor 0.28 unit fraction Residual oil saturation
16 STOIIP 32 mln. m3 Initial oil in place
17 ES @ ultimate 0.83 unit fraction Target sweep efficiency
18 EUR 0.5 unit fraction Target oil recovery factor
3D-model alpha 3

The Alpha 3 oil deposit is part of a giant oilfield located on the even land.
Oil presence was found in the deposits comprising units: A2, A3 and A4.
Reservoir layers of the productive formation mainly consist of organic limestones.
The asset was brought into commercial production in 1993.
The first producer that was put into operation was well E3, and it had a high watercut as a result of water breakthrough.
Therefore, to avoid such situation in future, the production levels of the remaining producers were limited.
Currently, 39 wells have been drilled at Alpha 3.
Aquifer was not active enough, this is why in 1996 it was decided to start pressure maintenance.
Event thought the cumulative voidage replacement ratio is 110%, the reservoir pressure in some areas is still quite low and continues to decline.
A field gathering system is present at the field. The current oil throughput available at the Alpha 3 is 600 m3/day, the liquid throughput is 800 m3/day. However, there is still a way to upgrade the field gathering system.
The pressure maintenance consists of the following elements: water intake, lift station and valve manifold. The water intake provides the lift station with 700 m3 of water per day, moreover the bottom water also feeds the lift station. A lift station has a pump with a maximum throughput of 1100 m3/day and a pressure of 100 bar. The pressure maintenance has the potential for improvement.

Production history

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Cur RFO 0.24 unit fraction Current Oil Recovery Factor
2 Cur VRR 1.2 unit fraction Current Voidage Replacement Ratio
3 ∑ Qo 1.8 mln. m3 Cumulative oil production
4 ∑ Qw 0.6 mln. m3 Cumulative water production
5 ∑ Qwi 2.8 mln. m3 Cumulative water injection
6 ∑ VRR 1.1 unit fraction Cumulative voidage replacement ratio
7 Yw 52 % Watercut

Field summary data

Abbr. Value Unit of measurement Description
1 Ztop -1261 m Mean true vertical depth (bottom part of unit B1)
2 ZOWC -1257 / -1260 m Oil-water contact (unit A2 / units A3+A4)
3 H 30.1 m Average total reservoir thickness
4 Heff 11.7 m Average effective reservoir thickness
5 Hpay 11 m Average effective oil-saturated thickness
6 Ti 32 C Initial reservoir temperature
7 Pi 12.500 kPa Initial pressure at oil-water contact
8 Φ 0.18 unit fraction Average porosity
9 cr 5*10-7 1/kPa Rock compressibility
10 kh 24.3 mD Average horizontal permeability
11 kv/kh 0.1 unit fraction Vertical reservoir heterogeneity
12 krowo 0.2 1/cP Maximum relative permeability to oil/oil viscosity
13 krwow 0.6 1/cP Maximum relative permeability to oil/oil viscosity
14 swi 0.2 unit fraction Initial water saturation
15 sor 0.2 unit fraction Residual oil saturation
16 STOIIP 7.8 mln. m3 Initial oil in place
17 ES @ ultimate 0.76 unit fraction Target sweep efficiency
18 EUR 0.57 unit fraction Target oil recovery factor
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